This post originally appeared on medium.
A few weeks ago I was monitoring my phone traffic from a proxy server. While doing that I saw Ola API calls going from my phone (since I was booking a cab).
For those who don’t know about Ola, Ola Cabs is the biggest cab provider in India and also biggest competitor of Uber (again in India). It has raised $500 million in funding, and processes 150,000 bookings a day.
After seeing those flashing binary data going from my system I forgot my weekend project and started tweaking and reverse engineering Ola’s APIs which eventually resulted in breaking their money transaction system. As a result I was able to recharge my Ola wallet with any amount.
For a long time I was thinking about publishing this work on the web, but have been too busy. However, after the response I received from Ola after reporting what I’d done, I decided to publish what happened below.
Chapter 0 : Something is not right
I was working on a small side project in which I was monitoring my phone traffic. For this purpose I used MITM Proxy, which is a very light console based proxy server. As I was booking my cab I saw Ola API calls. The structuring of the API calls attracted my attention. Something was amiss here.
These calls were simple HTTP requests without any OAuth token mechanism or any other encryption to guard the APIs. One can easily replicate these calls from a console or by simply using Chrome.
Request to fetch cabs for given latitude and longitude (click on the images to enlarge)
Above is a log of request to fetch cabs for a given latitude and longitude. This is exactly what went from my phone to their servers with a few payloads like device-id and install-id. On refining, though, I found most of the things present here were not even required. This goes to show the absence of server-side validation for API calls. Below is what you get in response, a JSON of cabs near your current location.
Response JSON (Click on images to enlarge)
Chapter 1: Digging the tunnel
After successfully tracking and fetching cabs I was very happy because (no offence to ola) their app sucks. First of all it crashes a lot. Secondly, I don’t like the UX. I think better things can be done. Just take the example of Uber. Their app works so smoothly and booking a cab is a piece of cake. Thirdly it is very difficult to book a cab. It’s a blink and you miss situation where in microseconds a cab vanishes.
This got me thinking. I created a one-tap app where once I’ve set my preferences, a thread can run in the background and ensure a one-tap cab booking. For one thing, it made my life easier while accomplishing the task of fully automating the booking process.
Then I got greedy. I thought what if I can book a cab for free? That will be one mighty bad-ass thing to do. So I started to trace the recharge API calls. I did one simple recharge on my phone to get an idea of what was going on. Long story short, one recharge process in three simple steps :-
Step One : Generate an order ID which will be used for reference in future
Step Two : Make a few payment gateway calls to complete the transaction
Step Three : One more API call to Ola’s server to acknowledge the transaction, to complete the process.
After completing the transaction I started connecting the dots to understand their system. Believe me when I said it was easy. Simply put, all the transaction APIs implemented by Ola were using simple HTTP protocol and sending data in plain white text. This got me thinking, what other loopholes does Ola have?
Chapter 2: Fire in the hole
After watching, tracing and connecting all the API calls, my console was ready to drop the bomb. Even if I didn’t get a free cab I can create an app which can book a cab for me in a single click. To be honest, I was kind of nervous. Let’s accept it, it was easier than I’d ever imagined and if this went right, it had terrible consequences.
With a prayer on my lips, I fired my first shot i.e. generating an order ID. It went perfect. I took aim again and below is what a cleaned request looks like, with response from their server.
Generating one order to recharge my wallet (Click on image to enlarge)
Now I have one order ID that is ready for transaction, which I can use to acknowledge completion. Lock and load!
Final api call to recharge my wallet (click on image to enlarge)
In a few seconds I received a message on my phone, confirming the recharge and I was like YESSSSSS……..it’s done!!! I just cannot express what it was like. I just fooled one of the biggest startups with millions in funding.
Note that I didn’t even generate a new order, it was the same order ID. If you still didn’t get the joke — it means that they were not even checking for order ID, which simply means you can use the same order ID to do as many recharges with whatever amount you want, obviously not like 100’s so they get alerted (from what I’m seeing we can safely assume they are not going to).
To summarize this, I think the problem really was in their architecture. I mean for the love of God, you should make order ID unique, shouldn’t you? Ola was not even tracking order IDs. Maybe money is getting to their heads. Maybe in the process of putting more taxis on the road they lost track of their technology.
Maybe that is why their customer support always sucks. And maybe that’s why they forgot something as basic as this when it comes to library management. Maybe that’s why the Startup of the Year has such a huge security vulnerability.
Below is another screenshot of my android phone showing the successful transactions. (Click on image to enlarge)
Final chapter: The Aftermath
I was brought up a law-abiding citizen. Ethics are embedded (so I hack ethically). So me and my friend decided to write a mail to Ola to tell/caution them. We definitely did not have any intention of getting them in trouble, even if they seem to have trouble providing customer service.
Where better to shake them out of their slumber than ask their dreadful customer support (that’s right, we are gentle folks). So we wrote them a mail asking in essence — do you guys have any bug bounty program?”. If you’re enough of a techie, you will know how Google deals with bugs. What we got in response was a very ugly and rude response from their them. In retrospect I’m surprised that I was surprised…
Even after such a hurtful response from them, we replied them back saying that it’s fine if they aren’t interested in improving their system. Two days later, we received a mail from their customer support HEAD saying we will get back to you on this (maybe they weren’t that bad). Now what, now we wait…
1,2,3….7 days i.e. one week was over and there was no response, maybe they were busy talking to cabbies. At that time I was working with Kuliza Technologies, Bangalore. I talked to my senior management people and told them about this.
They were very supportive and professional about this episode. They helped me report this issue to the management of Ola and even sent a mail to the CEO with all the details and findings of that hack (not boasting but it was a hack):
A few days later, one of their security people replied. It went something like this
Thanks for reporting this issue to us, we will fix this and will keep you updated.
Almost a month and a half month later, I’m still waiting for a reply or an acknowledgement (and I naively thought it was just customer support that sucks at Ola). Maybe this callous attitude has trickled down from the top. The management’s attitude has definitely permeated the entire organization it seems. I was under the impression that elephants can’t dance. It seems that calves loaded on food can’t either.
They’re spending their millions to hire drivers who don’t even have manners to talk to customers or to buy huge offices. I’m sure that 8 out of 10 Ola customers will complain about their service quality. Even sarkari babus are showing up on time these days.
Ola’s cabs are still highly unpredictable. Their government office mentality is visible from this example; last month my I forgot my Sony earphones in a cab in Delhi. Close to 20 calls, and emails later I got a mail from their support saying that my earphones were in their Gurgaon office and I can collect them from there only(which is almost 40–60 km away).
A need for change
Few of you may find this post as a result of frustration with the company. As a customer I’m tired of their shitty support. As a programmer and developer it is frustrating to see their design and architecture. It is mockery of our dependency.
In short the issues with Ola are :-
- Weak design of DB and architecture, and glaringly poor implementation on app. For example order-ID is supposed to be unique but you can use same order-ID to recharge your wallet again and again.
- It seems that checksum, card id etc isn’t crosschecked with MobiKwik. You can use any gibberish values in place of checksum & card-id, and the recharge will still be done successfully.
- Lack of implementation of security protocols like HTTPS or any token validation. While making money transactions, some token validation mechanism should have been implemented. At least proper server side validations should be present.
Breaching Ola was one of the easiest kind of hacks possible, and a part of me is disagreeing with even calling it a hack, easy as it was.
I-am-Tony-Stark 